AREAS OF COMPUTER ETHICS

             AREAS OF COMPUTER ETHICS

    → The moral guidelines that govern the use of computers, mobile devices and information                         systems.

    → There have 5 computer ethics such as 

                             =   information accuracy

                             =   green computing

                             =   codes of conduct

                             =   intelectual property

                             =   information privacy

INFORMATION ACCURACY

⇁One of the concern because many users access information maintained by other people or companies, such as on the Internet.

⇁Do not assume all the information on the Web is correct.

⇁Users should evaluate the value of a Web page before relying on its content.

⇁Be aware that the organization providing access to the information may not be the creator of the information.

GREEN COMPUTING

⇁ Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, manufacturing/engineering, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.

⇁Involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer.

⇁Society has become aware of this waste and is taking measures to combat it.

⇁Some of the actions that has been taken:

             ∴   Using energy- efficient devices that require little power when   they are not in use.

             ∴  Buy computers with low power consumption processors and power supplies.

             ∴  When possible, use outside air to cool the data center.

⇁Average computer users can employ the following general tactics to make their computing usage more green:

       ∴Use the hibernate or sleep mode when away from a computer for extended periods.

      ∴ Use flat-screen or LCD monitors, instead of conventional cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors.

      ∴ Buy energy efficient notebook computers, instead of desktop computers.

      ∴ Activate the power management features for controlling energy consumption.

       ∴Turn off computers at the end of each day.

       ∴Refill printer cartridges, rather than buying new ones.

CODES OF CONDUCT

⇁Written guideline that helps determine whether a specific action is ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed. 

1. computer may not use to harm the computer.

2. computer may not be uyse to steal mothers information

3. employees may not copy or use software illegaly

4. employees may not interfere with other's computer file

INFORMATION PRIVACY

⇁The right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection, use, and dissemination of information about them.

⇁The privacy of personal information and usually relates to personal data stored on computer systems.

⇁The need to maintain information privacy is applicable to collected personal information such as medical records, financial data, criminal records, political records, business related information or website data.

⇁Information privacy is also known as data privacy.

⇁Web sites often collect data about you, so that they can customize advertisements and send you personalized e-mail messages.

⇁Some employers monitor your computer usage and e-mail messages.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

⇁Unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, literary and artistic works, processes, names and logos.

⇁Or, refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.

⇁Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled for their work.

⇁Importance of intellectual property:

                   - To protect any original work that created by an individual or person

                   - Preserve the features and processes that makes thimg work.

⇁There have 3 types which is : 

                   - patent

                   - trademark

                   - copyright

                                        PATENT 
                      

 ⇒    A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a government to an inventor or applicant for a limited amount of time (normally 20 years from the filing date).

⇒It is a legal document defining ownership of a particular area of new technology.

⇒Invention - a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem.

⇒The right granted by a patent excludes all others from making, using, or selling an invention or products made by an invented process.

                                     TRADEMARK 

⇒Trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, design, combination of letters or numbers, or other device that identifies and distinguishes products and services in the marketplace.

⇒Or a distinctive sign which identifies certain goods or services.

⇒Or can be any distinctive name or logo.

⇒Examples of well-known Trademarks are:
Coca-Cola
Samsung
The Apple logo
The Nike “swoosh”.

                                    COPYRIGHT 


⇒Protection provided to the authors of “original works” and includes such things as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual creations, both published and unpublished.

⇒Copyright is an exclusive right and gives its creator, or owner :

     To reproduce the copyrighted work

     To prepare derivative works

     To distribute and sell any copies of the copyrighted work

     To perform or display the copyrighted work publicly