NETWORK TOPOLOGY

                       
                      What is network topology?!?!

    ✌  Network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a                                       communications network.
    ✌ It refers to both the physical and logical layout of a network.
    ✌ Physical topology is the arragement of cabling in a network while logical topology           is the pathway of data transmission between the computers.

                                                  🌟 STAR TOPOLOGY🌟

🌠Star topology means all the computers and other devices on the network connect to a central device thus forming a star.
🌠Two types of devices that provide a common central connection point to all the other devices on the network are hub and a switch. 

                                                            ADVANTAGES

1. If one device fails, only that devices is affected.
2. Devices can be added to or removed from network with little or no discruption.
3. Easy to troubleshoot and isolate problem.

                                                       DISADVANTAGES

1. If the hub/switch fails, the entire network cannot be function.
2. Requires more cable than most of the other topologies.
3. More expensive because cost of the hub/switch.

                                   🚌BUS TOPOLOGY🚌

🚏 Bus network consists of a single central cable (backbone) to which all computers and other devices connect.
🚏 Bus topology uses coaxial cable as a backbone.
🚏 The bus is the physical cable that connects the computers and other devices. 
🚏 The bus in a bus network transmit data, instructions, and information as a series of a signal.
🚏 Those signals are sent in all directions.
🚏 Each devices is connected to the single bus cable trough T-connector.
🚏 A terminator is required at each end of the bus cable to prevent the signal from bouncing back and forth on the bus cable. 

                                                                   ADVANTAGES
1. Inexpensive and easy to install.
2. Computers and other devices can be attached or detached at any point on the bus without disturbing the rest of the network.
3. Failure of one device usually does not affect the rest of the bus network.

                                                               DISADVANTAGES

1. There might be discruption when computer or other devices are added or removed.
2. Because all system on the network connect o a single canle or backbone, a break in the cable will prevent all systems from accesing the network.
3. It is difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shut down.

                              ⊚ RING TOPOLOGY ⊚

⚫ On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop (ring) with all computer and devices arranged along the ring.
⚫ Data transmitted on a ring network travels from device around the entire ring, in one direction either clockwise or anticlockwise.
⚫ Token passing is one method for sending data around the ring. 
⚫ Only the device with the token is allowed to send data.
⚫ All others device must wait for the token to come to them.

                                                                ADVANTAGES

1. The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.
2. Cable faults are easily located, making troubleshooting easier. 
3. The uses of token passing enables all devices in a ring topology to share the network resources fairly. 



                                                            DISADVANTAGES

1. A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.
2. Data packets must pass through every computer therefore, this makes it slower.
3. A ring network can span a larger distance than a bus network, but it is more difficult to install.